Islam It Is Averaged That There Are 750 Million People Practicing Isla

Islam It is arrived at the midpoint of that there are 750 million individuals rehearsing Islam. Islam is really determined structure Christianity. History books shows that one night in the year 610, the first of numerous disclosures came to Muhammad from God by method of the heavenly attendant Gabriel. The message Muhammad got revealed to him that there was nevertheless one God, very few divine beings, as most Arabs accepted. This God was maker of the world, and He would one day judge humankind. The word Islam implies give up or accommodation, accommodation to the desire of Allah, the one God. Muslims are the individuals who have submitted themselves. The fundamental doctrine of Islam is brief: There is no God however Allah, and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah. hammer instructs that there is one God, the maker and sustainer of the universe. This God, Allah, is empathetic and just. Since He is empathetic, He calls all individuals to have confidence in Him and love Him. Since He is li kewise just, on the Last Day He will pass judgment on each individual as per his deeds. On the Last Day, all the dead will be restored and either compensated with paradise or rebuffed with hellfire. The life of every Muslim is consistently inside the network of the steadfast, all are announced to be siblings to one another, with he crucial order great and disallow insidious. Inside the network, Muslims are relied upon to set up social and financial equity. They are likewise expected to do their message to the remainder of the world. In the early Islamic people group, this implied the utilization of power as jihad, or blessed war. The object of jihad was to oversee social orders and run them as per the standards of Islam. During the decades following the passing of Muhammad certain basic standards were singled out rom his lessons to fill in as securing focuses for the Islamic people group. These have come to be known as the five mainstays of Islam. The disclosures that Muhammad got w ere gathered into another book, the Koran, guiding his supporters what to accept and how to live. Numerous Muslims accepted that everything Muhammad said and did was motivated by Allah, numerous reports of his idioms and deeds were gathered. From the outset these were simply recalled and spread by listening in on others' conversations. Later they were caught recorded as a hard copy, to fill in as an extra guide for devotees, alongside the Koran. It was Muhammad's conflict that Christianity had left from faith in God's message as uncovered in their Scriptures. God had sent numerous prophets, among them Abraham, who is viewed as the author of the confidence for Islam, as he is likewise for and Christianity. The Koran, utilizing sources in the more seasoned Scriptures and later conventions, relates the tales of Abraham, Joseph, Moses and Aaron, David, Solomon, Jesus. After Muhammad's passing in AD 632, it was expected that the substance of the disclosures may be lost, as the individual s who had initially remembered it kicked the bucket. It was in this way chose to gather all the disclosures, from what ever source, and make an aggregation. Indeed, even at this early date, varieties in the Korans disclosures were getting regular in various pieces of the new Islamic realm. An approved form was made, with game plan of putting the more drawn out sections first and the shorter one last. The hajj, journey, is a yearly Muslim ritual that each devotee is relied upon to participate in at any rate once in the course of his life. From the seventh to the tenth day in Dhu al-Hijjah, the most recent month of the Islamic schedule, a huge number of Muslims meet on the city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia to visit the blessed place of worship of the Kaaba in the Great Mosque. The journey comes full circle with the banquet of penance, one of the two significant celebrations that are commended during the Islamic year. The zakat is a mandatory assessment, a commitment made by Muslims to the state or to the network. List of sources -

Gloria Anzaldua Essays

Gloria Anzaldua Essays Gloria Anzaldua Paper Gloria Anzaldua Paper She paints an Image as remaining on a contrary side of a riverbank. Lolling to and fro answers and questions showing that we in the long run wind up preferring one side and just getting bits of the opposite side of the stream or other culture. Boa constrictors desire Is that some way or another we can in the end be on the two sides of this riverbank, or even veer off and not pick either side yet start another stream. Uncommon depicts that we don't need to pick one culture or one conviction, provided that we do. We will in the end loathe ourselves for picking one side of us that we are embarrassed to appear. In Anacondas area under Tolerance for Ambiguity, she goes n to state that when we, mastitis, feel great with what we know and what we are costumed to accepting. At the point when we proceed with this single direction of reasoning and one method of culture, we set up outskirts or dividers that hinder the entirety of the other great prospects and different thoughts of custom that we could be investigating. So as to separate the duality that keeps her an (Unusual 1001 a messiest must beginning with herself and the battles of herself and the internal awareness. Surprising accepts that once one can achieve the internal identity, the conclusion to assault, war, and brutality on the planet can grind to a halt. We as a whole should stop and answer the issues inside ourselves then we will have the option to address issues between individuals everything being equal and furthermore the contrasts among people. Irregular keeps on referencing the battle among people by tending to that ladies are defective and blemished on the grounds that they are not macho as are men. She portrays this even inside her own Mexican culture, saying that all men battle with this need of being macho, and Unusual comprehends why this is. : Men are shaky about their manliness, and they are confused by misogynist practices that they have not had the option to kill (Unusual 106). Unordinary proceeds to state that lone the gay men are the individuals who really are OK with themselves and have understood their female side and furthermore have more information on different traditions. More individuals need to recognize the Intelligence of the individuals who are alright with their Identities, and the world needs a greater amount of these individuals to exist, for then the world will have a more prominent bond and less clash of macho versus ladylike and defective. Aside from the challenges between all people, Unusual additionally talks about the Issues among men and sign of shading, and those that are white. She feels as though white individuals have pushed aside the issues that they have given to Native Americans and other darker looking locals, and put them Into shadows which they no longer need to stress over or apologize to for the hurt that they have caused them. Surprising energizes those ethnic minorities to speak loudly, not out of resentment yet in sentiments, to state that they would prefer not to De spelt Into ten contrary parts AT went people groups awareness. Accepts that Mexicans and other darker looking individuals are a twofold in the shadow of his nation, not a duality which appears to take on a negative standpoint. In her last segment called By Your actual Faces We Will Know You, Unusual finishes her short article examining that internal servitude is the thing that we all should manage sooner or later and will in the end star t to slaughter we all off. She expresses that we should proceed to learn and to communicate our history and our way of life. Bizarre additionally specifies the battle over fringes, and one sort of outskirt she talks about is topographical and furthermore a spot in our psyche. We as individuals of all hues put fringes around us that keep us oblivious and meager our own gatherings and safe zones. We have to balance the outskirts, and in the end dispose of them since they are poisonous and they are what cause obliviousness and prejudice. She likewise proceeds to state that by putting our outskirts down and tolerating others, we will have the option to find that everybody is associated and includes likenesses inside their own societies. Strange likewise makes reference to that before one attempts to stop the battle outside of their outskirts, the battle starts in the internal identity. Before anybody can go out and attempt to work external issues, it begins with their internal identity and their inward mind. Gloria Unusual says this exceptionally straight forwardly to her crowd, which cause a few people to feel awkward. Albeit, despite the fact that her remarks may appear to be hostile, her unpolished and legitimate thoughts get in her perusers and keep them mindful and remain consistent with her convictions also. Gloria Unusual utilizations numerous procedures to snatch in her crowd and cause perusers to remain alert by utilizing straight forward explanations that may make individuals feel awkward. In her account Unusual examines points concerning the division of customs in view of people groups experts and she additionally accommodates an answer for these issues. Uncommon proceeds to depict herself as a Messiest, which is a ladies of blended societies particularly of Native American foundation. Unordinary additionally clarifies that general we as a whole are in truth mastitis and all offer comparative battles as she does. She additionally discusses outskirts as in individuals are geologically isolated by fringes and it makes them feel disengaged with those outside their own outskirts, and furthermore how it implies that individuals set up their own dividers and outskirts to square themselves from others that do to have comparable ethics and convictions then they do. At long last however, Gloria Unusual states that the battle in the internal identity should be mended before any issues inside our races and between different societies can be comprehended. In spite of the fact that Gloria Anacondas one-sided articulations may make many feel outraged, she gives a reasonable goals to fathom the battle between various races and societies, which is an impact of obliviousness and holding up fringes to have a sense of security. She additionally gives a doable goals to people ignorance, which at last starts by taking a gander at the internal mind. There is a lot of viciousness and disdain going on all through th e present reality and quite a bit of it isn't a direct result of a particular explanation or for vengeance yet for the most part in light of numbness. There are numerous contentions inside mankind, particularly concerning prejudice and viciousness, and Unusual clarifies that obliviousness is the thing that keeps individuals split separated, and it is the thing that causes these issues in our present reality, for example, war, destitution, and negativity. An ongoing occasion of this in our present reality is the war in Uganda, and the way that little youngsters are battling and murdering in a war they don't currently anything about. The individuals in Africa are battling each other for reasons unknown aside from Tort ten Tact Tanat quite a while back ten Belgians Invade Ana instrument youngster adolescent would D two separate clans, and that they were altogether different from one another. These individuals in Africa are oblivious to reality, which is that they are no different in light of the fact that they are for the most part people and they ought not be battling on another. Rather however, they are battling and executing each other and there isn't harmony and no want to the viciousness halting on the grounds that there is no answer for a war that had no motivation to begin in he in front of the rest of the competition. This demonstrates Unusual is correct and obliviousness is a key factor in viciousness; her answer is straightforward, we have to start by becoming more acquainted with each race and their history, and begin crossing our different fringes and strolling to new ones. Surprising offers a solid expression as she reviews that Before the Chicane can have solidarity with Native Americans and different gatherings, we have to know the historical backdrop of their battle and they have to know our own. (IPPP) Unusual, who is a genuine Native American herself, knows from individual experience that these individuals of every single distinctive shared characteristic are not ready to become more acquainted with each other, or to make harmony, since they don't comprehend the battles and hardships each other experienced. Workers are going by walking for opportunity, where Native Indians are making a decent attempt to keep the modest quantity of land that they have No issue what shading these individuals are they will experience hardships and extraordinary endeavors to live typical lives. So as to take care of this difficult which is an impact of individuals setting up fringes around themselves and remaining in their protected zones, We have to meet on a collective ground (Unusual 109), ND settle any lost information. Irregular offers this expression and goals to the issue about prejudice not just for Mexican, Native American, and white individuals, however for each culture and race on the planet. What she discusses impacts everybody and will proceed until mankind chooses to cooperate and cross their different outskirts to determine the issues each culture has against the other. Nobody can spare the world or take care of issues between different social orders until they search inside themselves and take care of their own issues, which can be designed with time. Abnormal examines that our internal minds is the thing that we battle with, and it is the thing that should be recuperated and made sense of before any external changes can be made. Boa constrictors direct is a perfect goals toward numerous issues that we have in our present reality concerning wars, scorn, and brutality. Concentrating on our internal identities and inward minds is the beginning to a critical change in the public eye. Regardless of what race an individual is - dark, white, Asian, or Native Indian they all have an internal cognizant that when once knows about their battles, can be put out into this present reality, and afterward can help change in the public eye. Unordinary clarifies that it isn't just the messiest that can have along these lines of internal reasoning and this illumination of awareness; it is in truth inside everybody. Anybody whether blended blood or not can get along these lines of reasoning, or investigating the internal identity, and acknowledge how to change different people groups pessimism towards restricting societies. On the off chance that in certainty this better approach for deduction and this internal identity in everybody is increased, at that point the manner in which individuals see different networks and their various legacies and societies will change. We as murmur

Management in Global Environment Friedman

Question: Examine about theManagement in Global Environmentfor Friedman. Answer: Presentation The examination has been partitioned into two wide divisions. The initial segment discusses globalization and Friedman has depicted it. It has been discovered that the world is getting level because of the effect of globalization. This has in the long run made hazard for some since globalization is no longer between two nations yet it has gone to be between organizations. So as to battle against the expanding rivalry, these organizations are attempted significant advances that may make dangers for the individuals in the globalized world. The other piece of the paper discusses the hierarchical culture followed at Toyota. The administration is profoundly engaged towards making a shared culture and advances decent variety in the association. Despite the fact that it is Japanese vehicle producer, the Company has consistently esteemed the way of life of different locales where it works. E-learning Activities Thomas Friedman on Globalization; 3 Eras of Globalization; World is level Dangers of Living in the Flat World of Globalization: Friedman has discussed the globalization and how the world is going level with everything associated with one another. The essential hazard is that in a globalized world whatever should be possible will be finished. The worry is whether it will be finished by an individual or to the individual. Besides, it has been called attention to that the globalization is no longer between two nations however it is between two organizations (Fredman 2015). This has naturally made the monetary rivalry past ones creative mind. The human sciences training is going to issue the most in this level world. In this way, the danger of living in this level globalized world is expanding. Iron Rule of the Flat World: With the expanded network and the accessibility of alternatives to transmit data, advancement and any mystery data are probably going to pass on inside portion of seconds. In this way, Friedman has proposed one single Iron principle to be followed in the business. At the point when the world is level, whatever should be possible, will be done (Zheng et al. 2014). The subsequent extraordinary standard is the possibility of union. Out of combination, we as a whole are learning the propensity for union. Ultimately, Friedman has discussed the three most persuasive nations during the time spent globalization these are India, China and the previous Soviet (Glenberg 2014). These are the nations that are using the sensational goal of the level world. Globalization Level Across the World: Globalization is level isn't uniform the world over. Nations like China, India have more effect than different nations like USA since one of the key imageries of globalization is business redistributing that is carried on in these nations (Darling-Hammond 2015). Notwithstanding it, it has additionally been obvious that the Indian and Chinese populace are removing the occupations in the created countries. This has naturally upset the parity of the degree of globalization. Toyotas Corporate Culture and the Problem of Spreading its Culture Toyota has risen as the universes top vehicle producer organization as far as its creation framework. The vehicle producer has reached skyward and the key standard taught in the association is by its administration. The creation framework expects the board to set the workers at various degrees of the association. In any case, solid accentuation is made with regards to building the corporate culture at the association (Collins et al. 2015). The association has consistently observed the open door in different markets and has consistently attempted the social part of the specific nation in its business activity. MITs Steven Spear has put sent the equivalent social point of view that is followed at Toyota. As brought up by him that in spite of the fact that it is a Japanese brand, the administration has consistently thought to be American culture in its business exercises. Toyotas corporate culture is engaged towards the inventive methodology just as engaged towards the individuals of the association. The 7 components of the corporate culture can be talked about here: Development and daring individual: The vehicle producer supports advancement at each progression of structuring and assembling the vehicles (Jayamaha et al. 2013). Singular activity: The troughs and the workers are likewise given individual specialists to concoct their individual methodology towards any sort of the executives choice. This makes a one of a kind culture in the association that bolsters everyones perspective. Individuals situated: For Toyota, the representatives start things out. The administration consistently offer credit to the representatives for their difficult work and achievement is essential (Arifin 2014). Collaboration: The Company totally puts stock in cooperation and consistently empowers the equivalent. The administration advocates collaboration by giving due acknowledgment to representatives in al levels. Forceful: The Company is forceful towards its administration choice so as to keep up rivalry in the market where it works (Anitha and Begum 2016). Mutual qualities: The association totally has confidence in shared qualities and consistently offers the chance to the individuals of the association to introduce their view and assessment. Communitarians: Apart from the independence, the association likewise underpins communitarians as it gives a more extensive point of view of information as far as development or innovation that is the primary focal point of the vehicle maker (Anitha and Begum 2016). The accomplishment of Toyota worldwide can without much of a stretch be given to the social qualities that they share among the workers at various degrees of the board. In spite of the fact that it is Japanese Company, it never missed the mark regarding its desire in treating the socially assorted individuals right. End: With the point by point investigation of the effect of globalization it has been obvious that the world is turning level in fact and the extent of the business to draw near to one another is expanding. The globalization is not, at this point an issue between two nations however it has gotten a viewpoint of two organizations in the extraordinary serious market. Then again, the way of life at the Toyota has been cordial and concerned enough to assemble the individuals to accomplish the regular goal for the business. The achievement of the association worldwide can be given to the authoritative culture without any problem. References: Anitha, J. also, Begum, F.N., 2016. Job of Organizational Culture and Employee Commitment in Employee Retention.ASBM Journal of Management,9(1), p.17. Arifin, H.M., 2014. The impact of capability, inspiration, and hierarchical culture to secondary teacher work fulfillment and performance.International Education Studies,8(1), p.38. Collins, K.F., Muthusamy, S.K. what's more, Carr, A., 2015. Toyota creation framework for medicinal services associations: possibilities and execution challenges.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,26(7-8), pp.905-918. Sweetheart Hammond, L., 2015.The level world and training: How America's promise to value will decide our future. Educators College Press. Fredman, T.L., 2015. The World Is Flat A Brief History Of The 21St Century. Glenberg, A., 2014. Few Believe the World Is Flat.Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology,68(4), p.250. Jayamaha, N.P., Wagner, J.P., Grigg, N.P., Campbell-Allen, N.M. furthermore, Harvie, W., 2014. Testing a hypothetical model basic the Toyota Wayan observational investigation including an enormous worldwide example of Toyota facilities.International Journal of Production Research,52(14), pp.4332-4350. Zheng, L., Feng, L. what's more, Yong-Shi, W., 2014. Extraordinary electronic states in the realm of level groups: From hypothesis to material.Chinese Physics B,23(7), p.077308.

Hess Law Lab Report Essays

Hess Law Lab Report Essays Hess Law Lab Report Paper Hess Law Lab Report Paper The writing esteem tort the enthalpy change of the last response which was given by our instructor is - 97 k mol-l Agreeing this worth, our outcome can be viewed as precise. As told toward the start of this lab report, our point of this examination was to test the legitimacy of Hes law which proposes that the enthalpy change of a response must be equivalent to the entirety of the enthalpy changes of different responses that exhilarate to the first response. Our outcome accomplished from this examination is the straightforward verification of Hes LaWs legitimacy. Despite the fact that the consequence of a trial is exact and coordinates the writing esteem, it doesn't imply that there were no slip-ups made. As the distinction Of the rate vulnerability and the rate mistake recommends there were irregular blunders made. First of them was the warmth vitality lost to the general condition during the examination procedure occurring. This made the recorded most elevated temperature be littler than he real most noteworthy temperature that was intended to reach. This could have been forestalled by including more and ideal separators to limit the warmth misfortune to the environmental factors and amplify the most noteworthy temperature that can be reached. Another irregular blunder was could have been the assimilation of the clammy noticeable all around by the Noah pellets, expanding the pellets mass and influencing our conclusive outcomes. What's more, absence of time can be considered as a factor that influences the exactness. More preliminaries would have made the analysis progressively precise.

DNA Retention for Criminal Investigation Assignment

DNA Retention for Criminal Investigation - Assignment Example The current paper has distinguished that in 2003, the law was adjusted to gather DNA on the capture of a recordable wrongdoing instead of only a state of charge. This rule of keeping up the DNA of anybody captured featured endless guiltless individuals including kids who had never been indicted yet have their DNA held in the Database for eternity. Along these lines, the DNA database is considered amazingly oppressive. In the year 2008, this issue was raised by the European Court of Human Rights in S and Marper v UK case and inferred that this arrangement damages the rights to security of honest individuals under the European Convention of Human Rights. At that point in 2010, in answer to this issue, the law was passed which limits the DNA maintenance of guiltless individuals. Six years was affirmed for the grown-ups and three years for youngsters. (Michael Lwin, 2010) Still, this arrangement kept on making segregation and remained questionable among numerous districts. In 2010, the G overnment was again constrained to alter the law and move to the ‘Scottish model’ which characterizes the option to demolish DNA of anybody captured however not charged or charged yet later saw not as blameworthy for most offenses. It likewise clarifies the approach of restricted time DNA maintenance for individuals who were accused of genuine bad behaviors like rape or viciousness (Bruce Barbour; NSW Ombudsman.; New South Wales. Office of the Ombudsman, 2006). The assortment of DNA tests are as yet a significant subject of separation among numerous guiltless individuals. It has given a huge blast to social and moral issues which are on the grounds that most arrestees were discovered honest of the wrongdoing however their DNA was saved for an uncertain time. In addition, if honest people’s DNA is kept in a police database, it is conceivable that the DNA may coordinate or mostly coordinate the DNA found at the areas of wrongdoing. This can make a major issue for a n individual who has been once captured yet never indicted or any individual who is absolutely honest. This issue is morally and socially right as blameless individuals would be associated with crimes at the wrongdoing scene where their DNA is even somewhat comparative. A DNA test outlines touchy data about an individual’s hereditary qualities, for example, family relations and illnesses powerlessness. Normally, nobody loves their own data to be open. Police, criminological science office and specialists utilizing this delicate data without the assent of the DNA onlooker have affronted any honest individuals who have given their DNA. They consider it to be an infringement of their common freedoms and impedance in the individual protection of an individual ( Andromachi Tseloni; Ken Pease, 2011). It has been seen in the United Kingdom’s criminal DNA database that racial minorities are overrepresented in the quantity of arrestees. Presently this offers ascend to racial contrasts and regulated racial inclinations in the criminal equity office. At the point when countless minorities are populating the DNA database, police would probably presume one from the minorities as opposed to the genuine crook. Thusly a guiltless individual would be sentenced simply because for the race he falls in. DNA maintenance for the Criminal Investigation Department has raised a few worries among numerous guiltless individuals however we should not neglect the great it accomplishes for the hoodlums who ought to be really rebuffed. DNA maintenance serves the police division from numerous points of view as well. In like manner, it is seen that most of the wrongdoings are submitted by the individuals who have been now captured for different offenses. In the event that the DNA database as of now has the DNA bank, it could turn out to be simple for the police to distinguish the suspect or criminal.â

The Examination System During Tung-song Dynasty - 1375 Words

The Examination System During Tung-song Dynasty (Essay Sample) Content: THE EXAMINATION SYSTEM DURING TUNG-SONG DYNASTYNameCourseDate of SubmissionThe Tang dynasty ruled from 618 to 906 while the Song dynasty ruled from 960 to 1279 in Medieval China because they coincided in time with the early and high Middle Ages of Western Europe. During these times other empires in Europe faced challenges like the Frankish kingdom of Charlemagne of the English Empire during the Norman invasion. After the rebellion against the Sui imperial family, China had past experience in establishing and maintaining dynasties. After the rebellion, China established the Tang dynasty in 618. Both the Tang and Song dynasties ruled for over 600 years and experienced amazing advance in science, technology, art and philosophy. As these dynasties developed, civilization was introduced through educational systems which helped the people living at the time become literate. Hence, there were examination systems used in the education sector, which will be discussed.The Tang dynasty was known as the center for foreign exchange in goods and ideas, a mighty military power, an able civil service and system of education and the hub of arts and culture. Despite the fact that the Sui dynasty only lasted for about 36years, it had established a strong foundation which the Tang dynasty would greatly benefit. The rulers reclaimed most lands in the northern and western parts of China. They strengthened their governance by expanding the road and canal networks, which were first established in the previous dynasty. However, in order to establish a highly powerful dynasty, Tang rulers noted that they had to restore China`s vast bureaucracy. In order to do this, they expanded the civil service examination system which was started by the Han dynasty. Government officials who passed the exams automatically became part of the elite group of scholar officials in the Dynasty. The exams were opened to all, irrespective of gender or social status. However, only the rich woul d afford to pay for the required time for education. In addition, men with high political stature, influence and relations could attain high positions without taking the exams. Even though the examination system in the dynasty suffered minor flaws, it helped create an outstandingly intelligent and capable governing class in China. The examination system helped the Chinese become more literate on issues of governance, domestic and foreign trading philosophies. The system grew in importance making education more valuable than anything else in the dynasty. The emperor considered education as the sole foundation of effective and efficient power than children being born from noble families. Eventually, the exam system helped in the governance of the dynasty which was shared among fairly wealthy Chinese families. The second Tang dynasty emperor, Taizong, revived the practice of electing government officials through intensive written examinations that stressed on Confucian values of loyalt y and service. This examination process ensured that emperors selected officials who were loyal and hardworking. The examination system was important, especially when the Tang dynasty expanded its territorial reign across the country. This system helped government officials to remain vigilant because some were forced to operate away from the dynasty`s capital city of Chang`an.[Ebrey, Patricia B. Cambridge Illustrated History of China (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2010.] [Ebrey, Patricia B. Cambridge Illustrated History of China (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2010.] The Song dynasty was built on the Tang`s accomplishments, but the lives of most Chinese was totally different. This is due to the fact that the Song dynasty was faced with insecurity problems like the constant threat of invasion from its northern and western borders. This caused panic among the Chinese as most of them refrained from trading activities in foreign goods and ideas and t urning to philosophies which will improve domestic relations. Despite the fact that China was divided into separate kingdoms, the dynasty lasted for three centuries under a strong powerful and prosperous reign. Unlike the Tang dynasty, Song focused on maintaining and increasing stability and prosperity among its people. They highly valued diplomacy and public control of the government. The examination system was viewed as a means of obtaining official government positions which became was more important in the Song dynasty. However, unlike the Tang dynasty exam system, in the Song dynasty, only ten percent of the tested candidates were allowed to excel at each level. The extremely rich and wealthy families spend huge amounts of money on exam materials and resources like books, excellent schools and tutors. This would eventually help children from such families have a better chance of excelling the civil service examination. The exam included memorizing passages from Confucian classi cs and composing complex poems on specific themes. It was in this dynasty that the Chinese administration considered the education system as the ladder to success in the society. The aim of the examination was to attract literate men into governance and minimize the dominance of military men. In addition, the examination system was designed to identify literate men who would make excellent government officials.[Ebrey, Patricia B. Cambridge Illustrated History of China (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2010.] The civil service examinations connected various aspects of pre-modern politics, economy and society in imperial China. The elites and imperial court influenced the dynastic government to re-evaluate and examine the educational curriculum and to adjust the examination system of selecting government officials. The exam was a test of educational merit which bureaucratically united the dynasty with its own literacy culture. It also facilitated China`s entry into th e modern world because all its government officials were literate and conversant with all Chinese philosophies on local and international trade. The education was based on non-technical moral and political theory which was the basis of selecting the dynasty`s elite to govern and administer in the imperial Tang and Song dynasty. The examination system was not formulated to provide an opportunity for the vast population of peasants and the poor to improve their social status but to ensure that the elite were incorporated in all government institutions in both dynasties. Despite primary sources emphasizing on the benefits of the civil examination system, there were unprecedented consequences such as the large pool of examination failures who utilized their linguistic and literary talents in a variety of non-official roles. Both dynasties overlooked this aspect because they ignored to consider what happened to millions of people who failed the civil service exams. This resulted in milli ons of literate men who used their educational talents in other fields such as fiction writers, essay teachers, lineage agents, ritual experts and physicians. Even though women were not allowed to take the exams, they were authorized to follow their individual educational pursuit only to educate their sons or find spouses.[Ebrey, Patricia B., ed. Chinese civilization: a sourcebook (2nd ed.). New York: Free Press, 1993.] The imperial examination system was the offici...

How to Get a Job With CustomResearchPapers.com

How to Get a Job With CustomResearchPapers.comIf you're a writer, and you're looking for a job at CustomResearchPapers.com, the person who's most likely to show interest in hiring you is someone who knows that you write - your own words. Writing is not only what you do for a living, it's also one of the best ways to get a job. You may need to convince others that you're not some fly-by-night website operator, but if they feel like you write your own material, they'll be more inclined to hire you.There are many reasons why you would want to work for a company that writes its own content, including the fact that they can improve your chances of landing a position, because of the knowledge they have about how to write their own material. However, you will have to make sure that you are able to get the job done properly, so that you can retain a good working relationship with the staff.The best way to find out if you can get a job with CustomResearchPapers.com is to have a look at their portfolio. What you're looking for works that you can upload your own material onto their site. Some examples of the kinds of materials that you can put on their site are postcards, articles, blog posts, fliers, and more. Your goal is to make sure that they can offer you a position that you're most likely to be happy with.You will also want to make sure that you get along well with the other employees at the company, because that will translate into good communication. If you end up having problems with the others, that will make things very difficult for you. You don't want to be the person that causes more problems than he solves, do you?This kind of job at CustomResearchPapers.com is perfect for anyone who enjoys writing and can be a good conversationalist. It's an ideal job for those who enjoy researching on a regular basis. There is so much free time available in this type of business, which is why you can choose to focus on doing a little bit of research on your own.In additio n to the offers of such jobs being offered by many websites and companies, there are other ways that you can help yourself to land that position. You can write to the company you're interested in and ask them if you can write a few articles for them, either for free or for a small fee.Your ability to communicate with others can help you make sure that you are able to get the job you're looking for. If you know how to go about making a good impression, you can benefit from having your own job with a company that writes its own material.

Racism and Segregation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1057 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Racism Essay Did you like this example? As Malala Yousafzai once said, â€Å"There should be no discrimination against languages people speak, skin color, or religion.† The novel Cry, The Beloved Country, by Alan Paton takes place in South Africa in 1946. The novel is based upon Kumalo, a Zulu pastor and his son Absalom, in which they face the absurd racial injustices that are taking place in South Africa at that time. The most important theme in this novel is racism and segregation which causes tension between the whites and the black South Africans allowing the way the black South Africans are let to live in poverty, and how the superiority of the whites affects the way the black South Africans are treated in the judicial system. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Racism and Segregation" essay for you Create order Many people in Johannesburg are forced to rent out rooms to strangers, because of the lack of money the black South Africans are dealing with. Shanty towns are large settlements of very poor people where the residents build shelters or shacks out of tin, sheet iron, and whatever materials they can find. There are so many shanties that shanty towns began to form, forcing a lot of people to live really close together and in extremely poor conditions, â€Å"Shanty Town is up overnight. The child coughs badly, and her brow is as hot as fire. I was afraid to move her, but it was the night for the moving. The cold wind comes through the sacks. What shall we do in the rain, in the winter? Quietly, my child, your mother is by you. Quiet my child do not cough anymore, your mother is by you† (Paton 89). These people are living in such horrifying conditions that children are dying due to the weather, malnutrition and many other factors. This causes tension because although the whites and the blacks are living in the same city the white South Africans are doing nothing to help with this problem. It is obvious that they are aware of the situation because this is happening all over Johannesburg. The two races are separated in many ways, but the most repulsive way the segregation and racism are resembled through the novel is by the way the black South Africans are living. And this problem is not only happening Johannesburg but also in Ndotsheni, â€Å"Why is there no milk in Ndotsheni? Is it because the people are poor? Yes, inkosana. And what do the children do? Kumalo looked at him. They die, my child, he said. Some of them are dying now. Who is dying now? The small children of Kuluse. Didn’t the doctor come? Yes, he came† (Paton 270). Ndotsheni is suffering with many problems, and they are expected to face them alone. The people of Ndotsheni are suffering from a drought and they are outrageously poor. Racism and segregation are not only causing tension in the central cities of South Africa, even the black South Africans that live in the outskirts of these cities are suffering from this. Children are dying every day because the white South Africans do not offer to help, there is so much they could do to help aid these problems both in the central cities and in the outskirts. The white South Africans are acting as if they are clueless of all the problems these people are facing, they are more focused on the things they could lose if these problems were fixed. The white South Africans are blinded from all the quandary happening around them and are focused on other matters, â€Å"Who knows how we shall fashion such a land? For we fear not only the loss of our possessions but the loss of our superiority and the loss of our whiteness. Some say it is true that crime is bad, but would this not be worse? It is not better to hold what we have, and to pay the price of it with fear? And the others say, can such fear be endured? For is it not this fear that drives men to ponder these things at all?† (Paton110). People are beginning to share their opinions on the solution to the â€Å"Native problem†, most of the comments are very racist. The white South Africans do not know how to respond to the situation, they are fearful of what could happen if the black South Africans learn to stand their ground and fight for their rights. This shows the reader the tension between the whites and the blacks because the whites know that even with the huge money gap between the two races, they are still put in danger and are frightened by the idea of not being the ones â€Å"in power†. Many of these racist comments contain questions about the pass laws. The pass laws in South Africa was an internal passport system mainly designed to segregate the population, and to manage urbanization. One citizen commented, â€Å"They should enforce the pass laws, Jackson. But I tell you the pass law doesn’t work. They’d work if they were enforced. But I tell you they are unenforceable. Do you know that we send one hundred thousand natives every year to prison, where the mix with real criminals? That’s not quite true, Ja ckson. I know they’re trying road camps, and farm-labor, and several other things† (Paton 108). Black South African are not at all being treated with same respect as the white South Africans. The white South Africans are aware that they are the ones in power and that it is up to them to fix the problems going on in the city. The main point is that they do not know how to solve it correctly, and the want to start using the pass laws. Using these laws give the whites a lot more power over the south Africans which can later on lead in much more complications causing more tension between the races. There is an enormous amount of tension between the black and the white South Africans which was caused by the racism and segregation in 1946, making the most important theme in Cry, The Beloved Country, the separation of racial ethnic groups. Throughout the novel there were many times in which the white South Africans could have done anything to succor with the problems that the black South Africans were facing, yet only a few to none grew the courage to help them.

Let the Love Pour in - 1594 Words

Amariz Antillon Professor Evans En-123 Composition amp; Literature 7 April 2015 Let the Love Pour In The short story, â€Å"Regret,† by Kate Chopin portrays a woman struggling to accept her loneliness and regret of never having children. In this story, Chopin is saying that in order to experience life fully, a woman needs a child or children to love and care for, and, if the woman is not a part of mother hood, she will live to regret it. Chopin begins the story with mentioning how independent the main character, Mamzelle Aurlie, is and then, after watching four children, Chopin ends the story with how alone and full of regret the character is (Chopin). Although modern views of the definition of a woman may seem to be in complete contrast†¦show more content†¦Although she knew it was going to be a challenge, she knew she was responsible enough to care for the children. Caring for one child is hard and a fulltime job, now caring for four children is twenty times harder. There was Marcline, Marclette, Ti Nomme, and Lodie who were know in the care of Mamzelle and, day by day, Mamzelle begins to learn what each child enjoys and needs. She figured they were going to be fairly simple by just needing to be fed, bathed, and put to bed. Taking her by surprise, â€Å"it made Marcline and Marclette laugh merrily -- the idea that Mamzelle Aurlie should for a moment have believed that Ti Nomme could fall asleep without being told the story of Croque-mitaine or Loup-garou, or both; or that Lodie could fall asleep at all without being rocked and sung to† (Chopin). Chopin begins to make the character realize how much love and affection a child needs and wants. Each day Mamzelle grew more and more accustomed to the routine of having children basing her day around them. After two weeks, Mamzelle grew familiar to them and completely stopped complaining (Chopin ). Then, in the story, is the realization that Mamzelle has grown to love and cherish the children’s company, but at the end of the two weeks, they were taken away from her. After falling in love with someone or after starting to care deeply for someone,Show MoreRelatedSkinny Love1130 Words   |  5 PagesSkinny Love (Lyrics) Come on skinny love just last the yearPour a little salt we were never hereMy, my, my, my, my, my, my, myStaring at the sink of blood and crushed veneerI tell my love to wreck it allCut out all the ropes and let me fallMy, my, my, my, my, my, my, myRight in the moment this order s tallAnd I told you to be patientAnd told you to be fineAnd I told you to be balancedAnd I told you to be kindIn the morning I ll be with youBut it will be a different kindI ll be holding allRead More Funeral Blues by W.H. Auden Essay770 Words   |  4 Pagesbone, Silence the pianos and muffled drum Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come. Let aeroplanes circle moaning overhead Scribbling on the sky the message He Is Dead, Tie crepe bows round the white necks of the public doves, Let the traffic policemen wear black cotton gloves. He was my North, my South, my East and West, My working week and my Sunday rest, My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song; I thought that love would last forever: I was wrong. The stars are not wanted now:Read MoreSummary Of A Valediction Of Weeping1151 Words   |  5 Pagesthe speaker describes the utter bareness of having to leave and hopes it doesn’t kill him. The speaker’s love for his lover is shown through the emotional emptiness that is depicted numerous times throughout the poem. The first stanza starts off with a description of how empty the speaker will be without his lover. The line of the poem sets up the emotion that is to come. When the word pour is used images of a large amount of liquid being emptied from a container comes to mind. Specifically, theRead MorePrayer Journal Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pages Sometimes the things you are doing are â€Å"God’s work,† but if it is coming between your times with the Lord, than you might need to do some re-evaluation. He is a jealous God and desires time with you. Scriptural Building Block â€Å"I love those who love me, and those who seek me diligently will find me.† Proverbs 8:17 If the Lord is asking you to clean house, be willing to give up what is stealing your destined time with Him. There are ways to re-arrange your schedule, but it requiresRead MoreCoffee As A Daily Part Of My Life Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesCoffee has become a daily part of my life. It s certainly a part of the morning I most look forward to. I don t drink coffee for the jolt of energy it tends to give you. I love coffee because I love the way it tastes. I enjoy going out to have coffee, but love to make it at home. It s much more economical. If made right, it can taste just like the kind you get at that fancy coffee shop or even at a Starbucks. The secret is to always use cold filtered water. Trust me it really does make a big differenceRead MoreIsopropyl Alcohol1306 Words   |  6 Pagesgranite countertop cleaner. Silk plant/flower cleaner  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ fill a  spray bottle with 1/2 water, 1/2 Isocol, spray on, and let air dry! Dust disappears! Laminate floor cleaner  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Use  1/3 water, 1/3 Isocol, 1/3 vinegar and 4 drops of dish soap for an effective and quick-drying laminate floor cleaner. Spray it on. Wipe it with either a damp mop or a damp sponge. All-purpose de-greaser  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  pour some Isocol onto a cloth and wipe down greasy  stove tops, vents and teapot.   No need to rinse afterwards because theRead MoreDemonstration Outline : Arnold Palmer1247 Words   |  5 Pageswill begin to evaporate if unattended to. When this process is finished remove the tea bags from the pot and grab one of the three pitchers pour the tea into the pitcher. Now that the tea is in the pitcher let it sit and cool down to room temperature either in the fridge or anywhere else you are making the drink. Now that the iced tea is complete you can let it cool down and move onto the lemonade. When preparing the lemonade, it is extremely important to be careful with measurements as addingRead MoreNighteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell710 Words   |  3 Pagesshowing a man looking down with the words â€Å"BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU† everywhere he went. BigBrother was the face of the Party, but Winston never determined whether that was true or not. Winston received a note from the dark-haired girl that said â€Å"I love you†. She tells him her name, Julia, and they began an affair. Having a relation in Oceania was also illegal. They eventually rented a room above the store where Winston bought his diary. As the relationship with Julia progressed, his anger and hatredRead MoreMy Personal Strengths And Strengths1687 Words   |  7 PagesTrying to decide what your personal strengths are, is hard. For myself, I have grown in my strengths, and I’ve experienced my weaknesses. My personal strengths consist of: positivity, encouragement, laughter, and love. I pick these four because I feel that I am truly strongest in these aspects of my life. Being positive is a big factor in everything I do. I always want to be happy and joyful; not only to display Christ in me, but to make others feel the way I do. I want others to appreciate lifeRead More The Mood in Funeral Blues by W.H. Auden Essays992 Words   |  4 Pagesfeels as if the world cannot go on anymore without this person. W.H Auden also made effective use of rhythm and rhyme in order to create the atmosphere, which exists at a funeral: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦with muffled drum, Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come. By the use of the word muffled I was given the impression of a foggy, depressing and cold day with the coffin being removed from the black hearse. I thought it to be effective when drum was mentioned as normally

Transparency International, Politically Non Partisan Movement

Transparency International 1.0 Introduction Transparency International is independence, politically non-partisan movement that was created with one mission that is to take stance against corruption internationally and bring about change. It is a global movement with one mission that gives voice to witnesses and victim of abuse (Transparency International, 2015). This study guide will provide more in-depth information about the movement and its work as well as the three specific countries that are a member of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) that together combatting this corruption issues. The three countries current corruption cases and the development of the case will also going to be discussed in this study†¦show more content†¦In here, corruption can be defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain where, there are many forms of corruption that Transparency International fight against (Transparency International, 2015). Through the anti-corruption glossary there are 3 types o f corruption, which are: †¢ Grand Corruption: acts committed at a high level of government that distort policies, enabling leader to benefit at the expense of the public good. †¢ Petty Corruption: acts of everyday abuse of entrusted power by mid- level and low public officials during their interaction with the ordinary citizens, usually in public places like hospital, schools and other agencies. †¢ Political Corruption: Acts of manipulating policies, rules of procedure and institutions in the allocation of resources, which abuse their position to sustain power, status and wealth. This three acts of corruption have a huge negative impacts on the society, it can cost people’s live, become a major obstacle to democracy and law, depletes national wealth, makes people undermine their trust in the political system as well as environmental degradation. Therefore, due to its high level of harm to the society, Transparency International fully dedicated its non-confrontational approach and the available partnership to get all of the relevant parties to negotiate and beat the corruption through a step-by-step process (Transparency

A Study On Annan Academy s Geography Class - 1741 Words

Carlisle is the only city in Cumbria, automatically making it the administrative centre of the county. Other than administration, Carlisle has several other areas in which its activities are focused, such as tourism, shopping, and education. These areas are known as settlement functions. Functions tend to change and develop as a city grows over the years. Carlisle is a successful city, but whether or not this is due to its changing functions is debatable. Annan Academy’s Geography class went to Carlisle in September 2015 to obtain primary research data of the city’s geographical issues. Method 1 In order to figure out some of the current main functions of Carlisle, the first research method used for this report was two RICEPOTS surveys of different areas in Carlisle – the CBD (the square near the Tourist Information Centre) and the area from West Tower Street to Corporation Road. These areas were chosen to display a contrast in the land usage of two areas of Carlisle which are close together. The RICEPOTS surveys were completed by walking around the areas and annotating a map with the purpose of each building in the area. Once both maps were annotated, the information was put into a table before being compiled into a comparative bar graph (see: Graph 1). The results show that West Tower Street to Corporation Road is largely residential, with 35 terraced houses, and that the square near the Tourist Information Centre is largely commercial with 47 specialist shopsShow MoreRelatedZara Business Case15365 Words   |  62 Pages____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ HBS Professor Pankaj Ghemawat and IESE Professor Josà © Luis Nueno prepared this case. HBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management. Copyright  © 2003 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduceRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesmigration numbers is a challenging task. Records of long-distance migration are much more readily available than of short-distance and domestic migrations. But even many long-distance moves—such as those by ship passengers not traveling in third class or steerage—were not categorized as migration. Others were not recorded at all. In some cases, authorities did not have the interest or capacity to keep semiaccurate records; in others, migrants purpose- WORLD MIGRATION IN THE LONG TWENTIETH

Report on Starbuck

Question: Write a report on "Starbuck is a United State based company". Answer: Starbuck is a United State based company founded in 1971, having a single store I Seattle. Since then, it has offered the worlds finest fresh roasted whole beans coffee. The companys mission is to inspire and nurture the human spirit one person, one cup and one neighbourhood at a time. The mission statement itself indicates that the company not only celebrate coffee and the rich tradition but also bring a feeling of connection. Presently, the company has 15000 stores around 50 countries (Wu 2013). Howard Schultz joined Starbuck as a CEO in 1982 of marketing and retail operations. The mission statement itself reflects the concern for the society by the company. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an important part of any business organization. The company tries to link the product of the company with the society in a healthy way. They try to involve in activities that keep the social environment and business healthy. Starbuck has been always successful in CSR activities. It has made the corporate strategy with special concern for CSR activities. The company has always been involved in activities that have linkage with social, environmental and economic perspectives (Wu 2013). Starbuck have succeeded in business by making the long term corporate strategy inclined with its CSR activities. It has developed innovative ways of producing, distributing and reaching customers to reduce the damages caused to the environment. The company has provided value-based services to its customers without causing damage to the society and environment. The concern of Starbuck to CSR activity was mainly to connect its product with the society and touch the heart of the people by taking care of their health through CSR activity. Starbuck sells coffee, which is generally a drink that touches the heart and mind of a person. It brings the energy back in them and influences their living style. Active sale of such a product is possible only if the product is close to ones heart. Starbuck have understood it and connected its corporate strategy with the CSR activity to give more practical approach to its product. Starbuck has a created CSR department at the end of 1999 which is specia lly concerned with the activities that has less impact on the environment, that gives more support to the employees, customers and communities (Busch and Moreno 2014). In 1992, Starbuck has introduced a mission statement for the environment to clearly state the companys goals and objectives regarding the environment To follow the guidelines for protecting environment, Starbucks started reducing waste by adopting the process of recycling, energy conservation and propagating green team initiatives to educate its partners towards protecting environment. Further the company has tried to innovate a new way of producing disposable cups so that it can be entirely decomposed. It has introduced a plastic cup that can be used for 30 times and has thus reduced the deposition of 4 billion cups into the environment (Weiss 2014). Starbuck was concerned with CSR in its overall corporate strategy because it wanted to touch the heart of the common people as it was selling the product of a common people. Further the company had to develop its link with the farmers to obtain high quality coffee beans. The linkage can be better developed by showing concern for the farmer community who were more in need of social development. In this regard, the company has tried to build positive relationship with small coffee suppliers by setting Starbucks Coffee and Farmer Equity Practices (CAF) that gives a guideline for the buyers to be socially responsible and ensures preferential status of buying. Starbucks take care of it coffee farmers and pay them premium prices so that they can make profit and support their families in a better way (Weiss 2014). Linking of corporate strategy to CSR activity can also be seen by the companys involvement in social development program such as building of health clinics, schools and other infrastructure that helps the coffee growers to life a better and productive life.. In this way, the company has earned the trust and honesty of the coffee growers and assured the good quality coffee seeds. The company has also tried to support the farmers by providing farmer support centres which gives technical support and training to them so that high quality coffee seeds can be produced. Starbuck has also donated huge amount of loans to the farmers and to the farmer support programs to ensure production of high quality coffee beans. Through such activity, company is achieving twin objective, first satisfying its mission and earning high profit with providing quality product to the customer and second, meeting the CSR need by being socially responsible (Turban et al. 2016). Further, Starbuck has attached itself with CARE, which is a worldwide development and relief foundation, to help the coffee origin countries with donations. The company has invested in projects like health and sanitation, clean water system, literacy efforts and other projects for the welfare of the farmers of the society. In this way, the company is meeting its long term goal of getting quality coffee beans at a lesser price and creating the customer market for good quality coffee by helping the country to improve the standard of living of the people (Shaw 2016). The company has also taken proactive measures to enhance employability in United States by partnering with the government to establish Create job program for USA people. Through the program, funds are provided to Community Development Financial Institutions that further provide funds to housing projects, community centres, small businesses and other projects that enhance the productivity of the country and helps in growth and development (Busch and Moreno 2014). Hence Starbuck strategy of linking CSR with corporate policies has been a prudent step towards attaining long term goals of success and development (Tu 2012). No, Starbucks is not unique in providing high level of benefits to its employees. There are many more well established companies that provide similar high quality benefits to its employees, such as Google, Costco, Face book, Adobe, Epic Systems, Intuit, USAA, Chevron, Salesforce.com, Monsanto, Genentech and several other companies (Busch and Moreno 2014). Starbuck have always considered maintaining a good work environment in the office. The company believes in valuing its workers and give top priority to establish good working environment. Starbuck has provided one of the best health care facilities to its employees. The company believes in providing a work environment where the company and the employees share their vision and contribute effectively for the welfare of the company as well as for the employees. Howard Shultz, the CEO of the company was the first person to admit personal interactions in the company centres. He believed that they are in people business serving coffee and not in coffee business serving people (Stinson 2014). Health of the employees has been one of the priority areas of concern by the company. One of the best health insurance has been provided by the company to the employees. The company has established a program called Thrive Wellness for the employees. It offers several ways and resources to assist the employees in bringing wellness in their lives. It is done through several programs on weight loss, exercise, smoking cessation and other similar programs that help the employees to incorporate wellness in their lives. Starbuck has excelled its relation with the employees and has become a role model for the industry of fast food with respect of employee benefits (Servaes and Tamayo 2013). Providing good benefits to the employees is the key to sustain good employees with the company that will always make the company climb the trajectory of growth and development. Many organizations make policies that do not provide much benefit to the employees. According to them, there organization cannot afford to provide high class benefit to the employees because of their scale of production. However, they fail to realize that if they are unable to retain good employees due to lack of good employee benefit program then the company growth may touch the bottom line and they may go backward in their growth process. Hence providing employees benefit is always recommended by the big companies as in long run, it will take the company to the path of growth and development (Sebhatu and Enquist 2014). Besides the scheme of health insurance there are other schemes which are desired by the employees. They are retirement plan, disability insurance, and others. The employee benefit schemes make the employees more productive and efficient. When the employees are happy and satisfied, they work more efficiently and the company gains from their work. According to the law, the organization should provide the basic benefits to the employees. Some of the basic benefits are workers compensation requirement should be met Retirement plans, life insurance plans, health insurance plans sick leave benefits, earned leave benefits and casual leave should be provided to the employees. In todays competitive world most of the benefits are provided by the good companies to retain good employees. The companies who do not provide the benefits have large attrition rates and is not able to retain good employees (Preuss 2013). According to United State Law, there is a Federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) which allows the employees to go for 12 week off to attend to the serious conditions of health of any family member or of the employees. In some states the employers above 50 should be given benefits under the family and medical leave act. However in some states the organization need to give benefit to only few employees (Pedersen 2015). Starbucks has been operating in more than 70 countries across the world. Every country law system has some laws to protect the employees benefits in an organization. Starbucks has maintained the laws in each country and has given the best of the employee benefits scheme to its employees. The company treats its employees as partners. It provides them total pay package called as Your special blend which is tailored made according to the requirement of the employees. The employees get all the benefits and wide range of perks and assistance. The special blend includes health coverage for the dependents and also for the domestic partners, bonuses and discounted stock purchase options (Schneider and Schmidpeter 2012). Starbuck also provides its partners an opportunity to complete his education and attaining the university degree with the reimbursement of the tuition fees by the company. For military service members, this benefit was extended for their children and spouse. Starbuck operates in large number of countries which are different in their culture and values. The company has been able to successfully establish its unit with satisfied employees by adopting the policy of diversity and inclusion. The company aims to built a diverse workforce, develop a diverse network of suppliers, shape the culture of inclusion and increase its competencies. All this is achieved by satisfying the employees of different cultural in terms of the benefits provided by the company and customised the benefits according to the countrys culture (Michelli 2013). The company believes in the policy of inclusion by providing inclusive growth to the employees through investing in programs for the growth and development of the employees. Starbuck is one of those companies whose growth and success stories are linked with the performance and contribution of its partners and employees. The company has always given priority to its employees growth which has indirectly brought growth to the company. The secret of its success in every country and great brand value is the trustworthy employees whose sincerity and hard work are earned by the company by providing them all the benefits that the employees desires and required. However, its not the only company that has provided the best of the benefit to the employees, but all big and successful companies believes in keeping their employees happy so that they give their best to the company and the company give them the best of the benefits (Madhani 2015). Starbuck is one of those successful companies which has experienced the taste of success not alone but along with its employees, customers and suppliers. The company has believed in providing the benefits of success to its employees in the form of employee benefit schemes, to its customers in the form of best quality products and services at the reasonable price and to its suppliers, by giving them best of the deal and keep them happy so that they do not go to the competitors and spoils the relationship with Starbuck (Ling 2014). Starbuck has not only acted in a responsible manner towards the society by including CSR activity in its process of production but also have been ethical in its business practices. Along with this, the company has provided best of the products to the customer and has provided the pollution free environment for the customers. Hence, the success of Starbuck is not confined to any one of its policies but is the result of all the combination of its policies towards environment, employees, customers and suppliers (Korschun et al. 2014). Starbuck has started back in 1970s with one store in Seattle but today it owns more than 15000 stores in more than 70 countries. Such a success cannot be achieved without a long vision for success. The company has always given importance to its customers, employees, society and environment (Gerhardt et al. 2015) The shop of Starbucks is always located at places where it can attract a huge number of crowds. The company believes in giving local donations to pull the customers in Starbucks. The donations are given for the benefits of the society and for the wellbeing of the inhabitants. They generally donate according to the requirement of the country. In some country like Africa, the company has donated the money for increasing the education facilities because it believes that literacy has the power to create hope for the underprivileged children. It has given enough fund for social development and for the benefits of the under privileged children. The CEO of the company, Schultz, has used the royalties from the book written by him, to develop a foundation that has provided grants to non-profit literacy group, has sponsored the young writers and organized programs for helping underprivileged children with educational expenses (George and Anandkumar 2015). The company has taken several proactive measures to remove unemployment problem in the United States by providing unemployment funds to the government for helping the unemployed with new jobs and some earnings. Along with its role towards society welfare, the success behind the company is also its prudence relation with its competitors. It has developed several more products like accessories of coffee, such as water, tea, muffins, buns, cakes and other products. To maintain its competitive advantage in the market, the company has done several acquisitions of small companies, like, Bay Bread, a small bakery shop, Evolution fresh, a juice brand, La Boulanga, a bakery brand and others. The company has also started offering good quality of sandwiches and wraps for the customers along with the expresso coffee for quick breakfast (Gavin 2013). Further, Starbuck has also taken care of its brand value by giving its logo a new look. Initially, the logo of Starbuck reflected that the company only sells coffee but later it has changed its logo to pass the message to the customers, that along with coffee, other items are also kept. The working of brand value is vital for reaching the customers heart along with the policies of the company (Chua and Banerjee 2013). The company has always tried to satisfy the customer along with its social and ethical roles. It upgraded its coffee brewing machine and introduced several drinks and food items for budget conscious people and health conscious people. The company always focused on its core product, i.e. coffee. It produced several varieties of coffee and innovated different flavours and taste of coffee. Further, the company has tried taking care of the health of the buyers by controlling the amount of calories in the product. It shows the companys concern for the problem of obesity. The company also focused on the quality of coffee and the environment of the shops where coffee are to be provided. It has always tried to keep the atmosphere cosy and cool so that the customer does not only take coffee in the shop but also spend some leisure time for relaxing from the pressure of work. The company also provided free internet service in their stores for the customers. These are some of the strategy of the company along with the main strategy of CSR activities, business ethics and environmental protection (Cheng et al. 2014). The company has achieved immense growth and has brought financial success to its shareholders. Along with other roles of Starbucks, it has always thought of maximising Shareholders wealth and not the companys wealth. It is one of the known strategies of a successful corporate to propagate the maximization of Shareholders Wealth which if achieved, will automatically maximise companys wealth. The company has built its reputation and goodwill due to the quality of its product. However, it does face criticism that it has pushed other coffee companies out of the market. The company has a large international market that gets affected during recession time. The company always tries to hold the market share during recession by meeting the exact needs of the customer and let the customer be fully satisfied to come back in its shop (Aiello and Dickinson 2014). Starbuck success story is not limited to its social and ethical values. Neither it is limited to its practices in favour of environment. It has many other folds, like its treatment to the customer, suppliers and its steps towards protection of environment. Further, the strategy towards designing of the logo, towards the maximization of share holders wealth and other related areas have together brought success to the company (Busch and Moreno 2014). References Aiello, G. and Dickinson, G., 2014. Beyond authenticity: a visual-material analysis of locality in the global redesign of Starbucks stores. Visual Communication, 13(3), pp.303-321. Busch, W. and Moreno, J.P., 2014. Banks New Competitors: Starbucks, Google, and Alibaba. Harvard Business Review. Cheng, B., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2014. Corporate social responsibility and access to finance. Strategic Management Journal, 35(1), pp.1-23. Chua, A.Y. and Banerjee, S., 2013. Customer knowledge management via social media: the case of Starbucks. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(2), pp.237-249. Gavin, D., 2013. Starbucks Exceptionalism: An Institutional Ethnographic Exploration of Coffee Culture in America. Journal of Psychological Issues in Organizational Culture, 4(3), pp.44-58. George, J. and Anandkumar, V., 2015. Branding in China: Lessons from the Foreign Brand Success and Failure Stories. Available at SSRN 2695066. Gerhardt, S., Hazen, S., Lewis, S. and Hall, R., 2015. Entrepreneur Options:" Franchising" vs." Licensing"(Mcdonald's vs. Starbucks and Chick-Fil-A). ASBBS E-Journal, 11(1), p.80. Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Swain, S.D., 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees. Journal of Marketing, 78(3), pp.20-37. Ling, L.W., 2014. A Study on the Successful Strategies (Strategic Management and Marketing Strategies) of Starbucks Hong Kong: A Case Study. Madhani, P.M., 2015. Optimal Compensation Management: An Organizational Culture Perspective. Michelli, J., 2013. Leading the Starbucks Way: 5 Principles for Connecting with Your Customers, Your Products and Your People. McGraw Hill Professional. Pedersen, E.R.G. ed., 2015. Corporate social responsibility. Sage. Preuss, L., 2013. Corporate social responsibility. In Encyclopedia of corporate social responsibility (pp. 579-587). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Schneider, A. and Schmidpeter, R., 2012. Corporate social responsibility. Verantwortliche Unternehmensfhrung in der Praxis, Berlin ua. Sebhatu, S.P. and Enquist, B., 2014. Are Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility having a role for sustainable Service Business?: An explorative study of IKEA, Starbucks and H M. In The 17th QMOD conference, September 3-5, Prague Tjeckien. Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A., 2013. The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value: The role of customer awareness. Management Science, 59(5), pp.1045-1061. Shaw, W., 2016. Business ethics: A textbook with cases. Cengage Learning. Stinson, L., 2014. With Stunning New Stores, Starbucks Has a New Design Strategy: Act Local. Wired, January, 8. Tu, Y.T., Wang, C.M. and Chang, H.C., 2012. Corporate brand image and customer satisfaction on loyalty: An empirical study of Starbucks Coffee in Taiwan. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 3(1), pp.24-32. Turban, E., Strauss, J. and Lai, L., 2016. Introduction to Social Commerce. In Social Commerce (pp. 3-22). Springer International Publishing. Weiss, J.W., 2014. Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Wu, C.L., 2013. The Research of Brand Image, Experiential Marketing, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty-Example of Starbucks Coffee.

Physical therapy (Differential Diagnosis)

Questions: 1. How would you have assessed this patient's supposed low back muscle strain to confirm this was the cause or origin of the patient's extreme low back and right flank pain, with the patient unable to tolerate a reassessment? 2. Based upon this patient's extensive medical history, would you suspect possible renal involvement? If so what might be the likely cause?3. Are there clinical signs or symptoms that could differentiate flank or back pain coming from an upper urinary infection verses that of pain from cystitis or urethritis complications? 4. Do you think that pain in the low back and radiating around the front lower abdominal quadrant could have been caused solely by referred pain from the renal system? List and discuss other possibilities. 5. Identify an impairment, activity limitation, and participation restriction for this patient. Additional questions: Please refer to chapter readings. 6. What may be the first symptom of prostate cancer in a male? 7. List and discuss at lea st four of the eight other causes described in chapter 10 for incontinence (worth 4 points). 8. Renal pain is typically felt in two regions of the body. Describe where the two regions are. According to your textbook, how is renal pain typically described? 9. How does a physical therapist screen for possible prostate involvement in a man with back pain of unknown causes? Answers: 1. There are symptoms which are similar to low back strain (Hoy et al., 2014). The pain in the patient is localized in the lower back it may arise due to some serious illness. Here are the symptoms which are a weakness in the leg. Incontinence or inability to control flow of urine is a symptom which the patient is facing now. The patient was finding it difficult on standing or walking. There is stiffness in the back which is evident by the inability of the patient to move. 2. There is a possibility of kidney involvement in this patient. As the patient is diabetic (type II) for 11 years it is possible nephrosclerosis that is hardening of small blood vessel in the kidney. According to Yale et al., (2013) patient is initially diagnosed with high blood pressure. Patient with hypertensive nephrosclerosis can lead to end-stage renal disease. Patient with type 2 diabetes can also suffer from kidney failure in later stage. Patient also has a history of kidney stone which is also supported by the right flank pain after the physical therapy. Finally, the X-ray report did not reveal any cause. 3. Cystitis refers to the inflammation of urinary bladder especially the bladder wall (Conover et al., 2014). This is a kind of lower urinary tract infection. Lower urinary tract is composed of bladder and urethra. Though it can happen in both the sex, it is more prevalent among females. Lower urinary tract infection or cystitis or urethritis is pain is characterized by burning pain during urination. Urethritis is caused by bacterial infection. Upper urinary tract comprises of kidney and ureter. In case of upper urinary tract infection, the pain and tenderness are found on upper back and sides. 4. Low back pain and radiating pain in right lower abdominal quadrant may be due to causes other than referred pain of renal system (Tozzi et al., 2012). As the patient is male in this, we can exclude the other causes which have the similar kind of pain like ectopic pregnancy and cysts in the right ovary. The right abdominal pain may be due to an inflamed appendix which is the most common cause of such type of pain. In this case, pain became more intense with time and tenderness on touching is an indication of inflamed appendix. Constipation is another possibility that can lead pain in low back and radiating pain in right lower abdomen. 5. A difficulty in body function or structure is called impairment. In this scenario the patient movement is restricted within 10 feet due to shortness of breath identifies an impairment of pulmonary function. Activityis defined as the execution of a task or action by an individual. When an individual execute a task or action it can be called as activity. When a person is unable to do that activity personally it is activity limitation. The patient became dependent for rolling, lying face upward and standing which identifies the activity limitation. Patient planned to return home and join family after physical therapy, but he was unable to do so as the condition deteriorate. This identifies the participation restriction for this patient. 6. First symptom of prostate cancer in male: Prostate is located adjacent to urinary bladder. It is not essential that everyone will face the experience the symptoms of prostate cancer (Moyer, 2012). Detection of sign occurs mostly at the time of routine doctor visit. The early symptoms include: Frequent urge for urination at night. Difficulty in urination and holding it back. Burning sensation during urination. Difficulty in getting an erection and ejaculation. Presence of blood in urine. Pain in hips and legs. 7. Causes of incontinence: Urinary is the leakage of urine without intention. By losing the voluntary control of muscle involved in holding the urine in bladder patient develop incontinence. Urge Incontinence: Urge incontinence is most prevalent in older patient. The characteristic of urge incontinence is leakage of urine. Interstitial cystitis, spinal cord injury are also considered as cause of urinary urge incontinence. Old age: Strength of muscle in bladder and urethra decrease with age and urge for urination increases with time which cause in incontinence. Pelvic floor muscle exercise are generally recommended for those who have renal incontinence. Overflow: Old age men often suffer from prostate gland problem. Enlarged prostate often creates an obstruction due to which patient never can urinate fully. In some patient, it has been found that they continuously trickle. Stress: Women after pregnancy or after menopause face this problem. This problem happens in women due to insufficient estrogen and muscular atrophy. People who have undergone prostate surgery or suffering from enlarged prostate can also build up this problem. 8. Localization of kidney pain is difficult exactly as kidney is retroperitoneal organ. Most of the time kidney pain diffuse or radiate from the site of origin (Walsh Sarria 2012). Kidney pain is located in right and left upper quadrant of body. Right upper quadrant is right upper abdominal region. Lower right part of the ribcage protects this organ. Left upper quadrant is the left upper abdominal region. Description of renal pain: According to Becquemont et al., (2015), kidney pain is defined as pain arising from kidney due to infection, inflammation or physical injury. Kidney pain is typically characterized by dull, single sided pain in upper quadrant of the body. Fever and urinary symptoms may accompany with pain. 9. Screening for possible prostate involvement in a man with back pain of unknown cause by a physiotherapist: As discussed by Van Kampen et al., (2015) back pain may be due to various causes. It may due to fracture, cancer or neurological disorders or it may be due to infection. To find out the prostate involvement physiotherapist may follow this steps: Functional tests- which demonstrates the pain-provoking movement. Movement testing like ROM, repeated movement. Neurological assessments - myotomes and dermatomes. Circulatory assessment- performing a hemodynamic assessment. References: Becquemont, L., Bauduceau, B., Benattarà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Zibi, L., Berrut, G., Bertin, P., Bucher, S., ... Doucet, J. (2015). Association between Cardiovascular Drugs and Chronic Kidney Disease in Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Institutionalized Elderly Patients.Basic clinical pharmacology toxicology,117(2), 137-143. Conover, M. S., Hibbing, M. E., Hultgren, S. (2014). Introduction to Urinary Tract Infections.Metabolism of Human Diseases: Organ Physiology and Pathophysiology, 357. Hoy, D., March, L., Brooks, P., Blyth, F., Woolf, A., Bain, C., ... Murray, C. (2014). The global burden of low back pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study.Annals of the rheumatic diseases, annrheumdis-2013. Moyer, V. A. (2012). Screening for prostate cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.Annals of internal medicine,157(2), 120-134. Tozzi, P., Bongiorno, D., Vitturini, C. (2012). Low back pain and kidney mobility: local osteopathic fascial manipulation decreases pain perception and improves renal mobility.Journal of Bodywork and Movement therapies,16(3), 381-391. Van Kampen, M., Geraerts, I. (2015). Evidence for pelvic floor physiotherapy in men. Walsh, N., Sarria, J. E. (2012). Management of chronic pain in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by sequential celiac plexus blockade, radiofrequency ablation, and spinal cord stimulation.American Journal of Kidney Diseases,59(6), 858-861. Yale, J. F., Bakris, G., Cariou, B., Yue, D., Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Neto, E., Xi, L., ... Meininger, G. (2013). Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in subjects with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism,15(5), 463-473.

Using a Sample Introduction to Extended Essay History Worksheet

Using a Sample Introduction to Extended Essay History WorksheetA sample introduction to extended essay history worksheet is an excellent way to prepare yourself for the type of essay that you will be required to write. Even if you are not going to be asked to write an essay on history or a specific topic, an introduction to extended essay history worksheet can help you develop your own style and improve your understanding of the essay form.The introduction to extended essay history, or the essay, usually follows the introduction. The introduction usually begins with a quote that summarizes the main points of the piece. The quote can then be followed by an explanation of what the main points of the essay are.The sample introduction to extended essay history also includes questions. The essay may contain multiple answers, which makes it possible for the writer to choose which one to use at any time during the essay. The sample is also helpful because it gives the writer a chance to cho ose the best answer.The essay history worksheet can help the student choose which answer is most suitable for the piece. The essay history worksheet helps the student develop their own style of writing an essay. For example, if the writer chooses to use the quote 'Society is constantly changing' as the opening line of the essay, they will be given an essay on the evolution of society. If the writer chooses to use 'The society changes every day,' they will be given an essay on daily life in modern society.The essay history worksheet gives the writer a chance to develop their own style. In addition, the writer is allowed to add extra information that helps to add meaning to the piece. This helps to make the piece more meaningful. It allows the writer to develop their own style of writing an essay.The essay history worksheet also gives the writer a chance to use different words. The writer can use any word that they like in the beginning of the essay. However, they cannot use that same word more than once in the essay. If they do, they have to choose between using the word again or using another one.The essay history worksheet is very useful for improving your knowledge of the essay. If you are asked to write an essay on history, the writer can use the worksheet to help them decide how they should use certain words in their essay. It also helps the writer to learn the proper length for their essay, by providing them with a guideline for writing the essay.The essay history worksheet is also useful for students. The writer can work on the worksheet during breaks from class or during the lunch period. It allows the writer to choose whether or not they want to use the worksheet during class time.

Implications of Poverty on Global Health and Research Methodologies Available To Medical Anthropologists

Implications of poverty on global health Poverty has been identified to exist in most if not all countries around the world. Inequality between the poor and the wealthy has been growing and at an alarming rate and inadvertently putting a strain on global health issues. A report by Shah (2009) indicates that eighty percent of the world population is dependent on less than ten dollars a day (Par2).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Implications of Poverty on Global Health and Research Methodologies Available To Medical Anthropologists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Infant mortality rates plague most nations. The fact that a pregnant mother cannot access the proper diet and viable health facilities makes many children end up not reaching the age of five. A study conducted by UNEP (2006) shows that twenty five thousand children die each day when they contract easily preventable diseases and complications. These death s are mainly concentrated in the poorest regions mainly sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia accounting for approximately seven and a half million deaths in2006.Little progress has been shown to exist if one is to compare the late nineties and into the twenty first century but a lot still needs to be done to avert this catastrophe. Children need to be given the right type of healthcare and food security to diminish this trend. Malnutrition is another factor that has been attributed to poverty. With most people living below the poverty line (living below $1.25 a day) most families find it difficult if not impossible to meet their daily food requirements and in turn ill health is prevalent. This is another indicator that poverty eradication measures need to be effected .This has not taken place. Instead most poverty stricken countries opt for food aid a solution that is both temporal and ineffective. In the end starving citizenry end up thronging an already over extended health system th at is not able to cater for their needs (Chan, 2003, par4). A viable health system with proper equipment and qualified personnel is difficult to set up for most countries. This has negatively impacted health globally. Viable systems are only available to the wealthy while the poor are forced to contend with scarce facilities and them being the majority end up not accessing the right quality of health care. 1.4 billion people live below the poverty line according to Shah (2009), with this in mind one can only realize the enormity of the situation if this people need to access the right kind of health care (par3).Advertising Looking for essay on healthcare? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The poor bear the biggest burden when it comes to ignorance and inaccessibility of the right information. This in turn means they end up losing out on health issues that are pertinent in maintaining their health. In instances of tobacco use thi s has been on the rise with figures on the rise to about thirteen hundred million smokers presently. In cases of tobacco related complications most countries are forced to put up viable health systems that would be able to cater for this. With the poor not being able to access this health systems one would expect that they would be able easily acquire the right information be it the ingredients of the cigarette or the complications that arise from its use. It is therefore necessary that the governments take up necessary steps so as to reverse this poverty and inequality problems. This will help a great deal in improving the global health issues (Chan, 2003, par3). Research methodology available to medical anthropologists There exist different methods that a researcher may use. First are Cross sectional studies. This involves taking a small part of a population or a cross section of the population and finding out how a certain phenomenon affects as at that time of that study. It is n ot expensive to undertake and allows the researcher to instigate contact with the respondents. This method can be used where one wants to find out an attitude of people in a certain area (Research methodology for global impact fellows, 2001, par2). Longitudinal studies on the other hand involve the researcher following the subject of their study for days, months or even years for results. Most of this research are considered observational and at that do not manipulate variables being studied. Other research methodologies as shown by the research methodology for global impact fellows (2001) include undertaking sampling. In this category there are random sampling where one uses a random generator to choose participants in the sampled group .There is also systematic sampling where one uses a given nth variable to locate the samples. Convenience sampling involves systematic looking for certain characteristics in a participant that are both accessible and suited for the research (Frater, J. (2010, p4).Interviews and surveys are also carried out in this method. For example searching for participants who are well versed in a certain community’s culture and traditions one may opt for convenience sampling References Chan, M., (Feb. 2003). Health, poverty and human rights. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Implications of Poverty on Global Health and Research Methodologies Available To Medical Anthropologists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Frater, J. (2010). Characterization of the immune response in AIDS. Immunology. Research methodology for global impact fellows, (2001). Unite For Sight. Retrieved from http://www.uniteforsight.org/research-methodology/ Shah A. (March, 2009). Poverty and facts. Retrieved from http://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-stats Shah A. (March, 2009). Today over 25,000childrendied around the world. Retrieved from http://www.globalissues.org/art icle/715/today-21000-children-died-around-the-world This essay on Implications of Poverty on Global Health and Research Methodologies Available To Medical Anthropologists was written and submitted by user Emelia Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Women in the Development of Science Essay

Women in the Development of Science Essay The Role of Women in the Development of Science, Engineering, Technology Sectors Essay The Role of Women in the Development of Science, Engineering, Technology Sectors Essay The gender inequality in science, engineering, and technology fields has been a contentious topic among social scientists, lawyers, and feminists for decades. Despite their limited entry to the areas of science and technology, women have had significant roles to play in these fields. The majority of females who have had a significant impact on science and technology have been advocating for equal opportunities and for a smoother entry into these areas. Contrariwise, technological change has had both negative and positive influences on the roles of women in the development of science and technology. Regardless of that, bearing in mind that more women are earning degrees in science and technology than men are, the future advancement of the two fields depends on the contributions of females and their longevity in the scientific careers. Gender Differences in Science and Technology Fields For decades, numerous studies have been conducted in an attempt to explain the imbalance between men and women in science, engineering, and technology fields. Social scientists have studied the variances while lawyers have endeavored to fix the imbalance. Post-feminist society, on the other hand, seems to have come to terms with this fact. Nonetheless, men still outnumber women in science, engineering, and technology fields. In recent years, most blatant discrimination against women in engineering and technology fields has been diminished through academic, legal, and government measures. However, an atmosphere that is at least less than entirely friendly to women is yet to be realized, and its consistency is largely taken for granted. The percentage of females attaining doctorate degrees in engineering and technology fields has increased marginally in recent years. According to the National Science Foundation report, in 2003 women comprised just below one-third of doctorate degrees in science, while the engineering sector had just below one-tenth of doctorates awarded to females (Rossiter, 2012, p. 375). Yet, few women hold the top-level faculty spots. The National Science Foundation reveals that in 1972 women made up approximately 3 percent of full-time professors in engineering and technology fields; this figure has risen to 10 percent in less than three decades (Rossiter, 2012, p. 376). Roles Played by Women in the Development of Science and Technology Fields The science and technology sectors could not have attained their achievements with the exclusion of the contributions made by women. While their impact has been undeniably significant, it is necessary to highlight concrete examples of the contributions of females in these sectors. Jewel Plummer Cobb and Grace Murray Hopper are case examples worth to be mentioned. Jewel Plummer Cobb As a groundbreaking cancer researcher, cell biologist, and a brilliant professor, Jewel Plummer Cobb has had an unquestionable impact on the scientific community. Her research on skin cells that create melanin has reached its culmination when she has shown how the cells develop into cancerous cells (Ceci Williams, 2010, p. 7). Additionally, she has been in the forefront of campaigns for equal access to professional opportunities and education for women and minorities. Even with personal challenges such as increased sexism and racism Jewel Plummer Cobb has always been committed to utilizing her success for inspiring women to undertake the fields of science, mathematics, and engineering (Ceci Williams, 2010, p. 7). In the course of her professional life, Jewel Plummer Cobb worked determinedly to improve opportunities for women to venture into traditionally male-dominated occupations. Of course, there were monetary challenges, but she would turn to private sources for funds. Regardless of the obstacles she faced, she never deviated from her convictions that equal education was vital to a fruitful and independent life (Ceci Williams, 2010, p. 8). The woman believed that the hindrances that females face in the academic system were encouraged by cumulative disadvantage factors that prevented other women from careers in science, engineering, and technology fields. Jewel Plummer Cobb identified several aspects as deterrents to women in their advancing in male-dominated careers. They were the variance in socialization of the two sexes, weakened self-confidence, and hopes regarding the influence of children on womens educational careers (Ceci Williams, 2010, p. 8). Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper is known for achieving great heights as a woman and an innovator in the technology sector. Having attained a PhD degree in math, her academic achievements were already a rarity among women in the 1930s. In fact, statistics reveals that during the period since 1862 to 1934, a mere 1,279 PhDs in math were awarded (â€Å"Grace Murray Hopper†, n.d.). Grace Murray Hopper joined the women volunteer service, which was headed by the Naval Reserve, where she aided in designing a machine that would compute complicated calculations for the military at war. Her dedication to the task helped her team build the first programmable digital computer (â€Å"Grace Murray Hopper†, n.d.). After the war, she worked on several projects with key innovators such as the developers of ENIAC, one of the first computers ever created. Her ingenuity helped develop the first computer that used punch cards and the first programming language to incorporate English words (â€Å"Grace Murray Hopper†, n.d.). In the developing world, women have also assumed vital roles in the development of science, technology, and engineering sectors. Lydia Makhubu, for instance, the leader of the Third World Organization for Women in Science and a vice-chancellor of the University of Swaziland, insists that females have to play a pivotal role in shaping of the policies for sustainable development in the changing world (Dickson, 2002). Women have customarily been involved in health, energy, and food production industries, which are the focus of development. Due to their intimacy with the family, females have an exceptional attitude to science and its relevance, which highlights the human element of science and technology, as well as its importance in empowering humankind (Dickson, 2002). According to Makhubu, the majority of women choosing scientific careers opt for life sciences (Dickson, 2002). The move should be deemed a strong and encouraging action considering the issues of the developing world. She also highlighted that women have been actively involved in dissemination of culture, taking into account their intimate devotion to the education of children. As a result, females have been significant transmitters of norms and values across generations (Dickson, 2002). Due to their success in other fields, women ought to be in the frontline of the incorporation of culture and science, as well as in creating policies for research, and building a future where human needs form a harmonious foundation for scientific and technological endeavors. There is, thus, a need to reevaluate the relevance of females in the technological and scientific enterprises. This is the only way to achieve feasible sustainable development strategies, according to Makhubu (Dickson, 2002). Importance of Women in the Development of Science and Technology Fields In a 2015 discussion on involving more women in the fields of science and technology for significant growth in Africa, Ayodotun Bobadoye, a Research Officer at the African Technology Policy Study Network, reviewed the overlooked state of science and technology in Africa (â€Å"Engaging Women for Africas Future: The Role of Women in Science, Technology, and Innovation†, 2015). He asserted that approximately 0.4% of GDP in Africa was dedicated to research and development activities, ranking the continent the underdog in research output, numbers of researchers, and the number of registered patents and publications worldwide (â€Å"Engaging Women for Africas Future: The Role of Women in Science, Technology, and Innovation†, 2015). According to Bobadoye, the African Union Strategy for Science, Technology, and Innovation Development is profoundly flawed in its disregard for marginalized groups such as women, despite the fact they make up more than a half of Africa’s po pulation (â€Å"Engaging Women for Africas Future: The Role of Women in Science, Technology, and Innovation†, 2015). For growth initiatives to flourish, they must include women. Bobadoye proposed various ways to increase female’s involvement in science and technology sectors. First of the proposals includes mainstreaming women into science and technology strategies and policies. Secondly, one can enhance the participation of females by expanding access of young women to scientific education at all levels. Additionally, one can raise awareness of the impact of women on science and technology sectors and ensure ample female representation in policy-making endeavors. Moreover, one can create a universal hub of female scientists that would help in mentorship programs (â€Å"Engaging Women for Africas Future: The Role of Women in Science, Technology, and Innovation†, 2015). Effects of Technological Change on Roles of Women and Ideas of Gender In the last three decades, there has been an impressive rise in the number of women earning degrees in engineering, science, and technology disciplines. The growth tends to conceal other characteristics of the science and technology workforce demography. For instance, it masks the decrease in the number of white US men in the fields over recent decades despite they had been dominating the engineering, science, and technology workforce in the United States. However, by trying to balance the numbers, women are now earning more master’s degrees than men. A 2007 National Science Foundation report affirms that in 2004, US women earned approximately 58 percent of all bachelor’s degrees and 59 percent of all master’s degrees in all fields (Laurence, 2010, p. 4). In 2000, US females earned more bachelor’s degrees in science and engineering fields than men did, although they earned nearly 44 percent of the master’s degrees in the same fields. In 2004, US women received approximately 61 percent of PhD degrees in sectors other than science and engineering while receiving roughly 45 percent of PhD in science and engineering (Laurence, 2010, p. 5). The majority of the women who receive PhD in science leave right after they commence with academic employment. They exit the workforce due to certain obstacles that prevent them from continuing in the field or from realizing their full potential as professionals. While some of the barriers are new, Rosser documents that obstacles from three decades ago still linger, but taking the form of different, behavior, language, and structure (Rosser, 2004). The answer to the question why women exit the science, engineering, and technology workforce is not genetic nature or a lack of interest; otherwise, female students would underachieve their male colleagues in colleges. Existing data reveals the contrary: women outdo men in academics and graduate at a higher rate, while having a better attitude towards studies (Jhon, Lee S, Lee K, 2006, p. 124). Statistical research and case studies concerning those two critical factors are noticeable among the various forces driving women to exit the science, engineering, and technology workforce: the requirement to balance family and career and the lack of proficient networks (Jhon et al., 2006, p. 124). Marriage and family come with responsibilities that can shorten a flourishing career of both men and female engineers and scientists. J. Scott Long, a sociologist and statistician, argues in his book that single men and women contribute equally to the science, engineering, and technology workforce (Long, 2001, p. 26). However, a married female with a PhD has a 13 percent less chance of being employed than a married man with equivalent credentials (Long, 2001, p. 26). Moreover, if the woman has young children, she stands a 30 percent less chance of being employed than a single man (Long, 2001, p. 26). Females’ biological nature is often a cause of the dwindling numbers of qualified women in the workforce. Numerous studies documented women’s tussle to balance family and career life. In a 2004 survey conducted by Rosser, for instance, reveals that of the 450 female engineers and scientists working in research universities, over 70 percent mentioned the mounting pressure they had in trying to strike the balance between family and career (Rosser, 2004). They further admitted that this was their primary challenge faced towards attaining professional advancement (Rosser, 2004). Today’s technology has, on the one hand, eased the pressures faced by women in science, engineering, and technology sectors, while, on the other hand, even worsened the situation. Many higher education institutions are revising and improving their policies in response to the global focus on women’s involvement in science, as well as the shortages in science, engineering, and technology workforce due to the security measures launched after September 11, 2001 (Rossiter, 2012, p. 379). The security measures made it hard for skilled non-US workers to acquire US visas. To attract and retain more women to high-tech entrepreneurship and science, there is the need to transform the culture of science and technology into a more family-friendly and inviting venture. Owing to technological advancements, science, engineering, and technology departments in universities in the United States are incorporating finance, marketing, and management business training programs into graduate education. The increased advancement in technology has forced tech employers seek for employees who are refined in leadership, project management, and business skills. Women often did not receive such mentoring in graduate school, but technology has accelerated the need for training programs, which would eventually help a smoother transition of females into the science, engineering, and technology workforce (Rossiter, 2012, p. 381). Although men are no longer prohibiting women from their academic laboratories, cultural and institutional biases still exist and cripple female scientists. A solution to curb the inequalities in the workforce, which is low-cost and potentially widely acceptable, is the enforcement of existing antidiscrimination laws by the government. When the sixth, seventh, and the ninth titles of the Civil Rights Act are enforced, biased distribution of resources in faculties in terms of salary supplements, laboratory space, start-up packages, salary supplements, and university funding will no longer exist (Rossiter, 2012, p. 383). Next, the United States, as a whole, must disallow the depiction of female scientists and engineers as special interest groups. Women comprise almost half of the country’s population and now receive more undergraduate degrees in science than men do. Due to the income advantage that science, engineering, and technology professions bring, the failure to establish family-friendly relationships threatens to segregate women economically. Additionally, a 2006 research by the ‘Engineers Dedicated to a Better Tomorrow’ group affirms that females are more enticed with science, engineering, and technology professions when they consider it a tangible contribution to the society, as well as in improving local communities and the world in general (Rossiter, 2012, p. 384). In conclusion, the imbalance between men and women in science, engineering, and technology fields has been a major concern for decades. Despite the then-existing barriers to prevailing in male-dominated fields, women have somehow overcome the challenges. Unsung heroes such as Jewel Plummer Cobb and Grace Murray Hopper have had significant roles to play in the areas of science and technology, where they prevailed in the male-dominated professions and inspired women across the globe. The developing world has taken a different shape in identifying the roles played by females in science, engineering, and technology fields, mainly due to their difference in priorities comparing to those of the developed countries. Nonetheless, the significance of women in these fields is acknowledged, and measures to ease the entry of women to these fields are being enacted. Lastly, technological advancements have had its fair share of positive and negative impacts on females in science and engineering fi elds. However, with the ongoing policies to offer equal opportunities for men and women in the three fields, the future is more promising for the latter of the male-dominated professions.